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Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 26(4): 425-431, jul. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1129065

ABSTRACT

A partir de la década de los 80, las enfermedades raras han ido adquiriendo un lugar prioritario en los programas de salud y en la opinión pública. Se definen como aquellas que tienen una prevalencia menor a 1:2.000 individuos. En general son enfermedades crónicas, invalidantes y en más de un 80% de origen genético. Se estima que existen entre 7.000 y 8.000 enfermedades raras y que afectan al 6-8% de la población. Dada la baja prevalencia específica de cada afección, hay muy poco conocimiento de parte de la comunidad médica en relación a su diagnóstico y manejo. En este artículo se discute la importancia del diagnóstico de precisión, para su adecuado manejo y asesoramiento genético, también se muestra la importancia del trabajo en redes en las enfermedades de baja prevalencia y se destaca el rol fundamental de las agrupaciones de padres y familiares en promover políticas de salud para los afectados.


From the early 80's rare diseases had achieved a priority role in national health programs and in public opinion. Rare diseases are define as the ones who have a prevalence lower than 1:2000 habs. Generally, they are chronic and life threatening diseases and more than 80% of them are from genetic origin. It is estimated that there are between 7,000 and 8,000 different rare diseases affecting 6-8% of world population. Due to the low prevalence of each disease, there are very poor knowledge in the medical community about their diagnosis and management. In this review we discuss about the importance of the precise molecular diagnosis for the best treatment and genetic counselling; we also showed the importance of working in network in these diseases of low prevalence and we discuss about the fundamental role of parents associations in promoting public health politics for affected people.


Subject(s)
Humans , Rare Diseases/diagnosis , Rare Diseases/genetics , Rare Diseases/epidemiology , Orphan Drug Production , Phenotype , Prevalence , Genetic Counseling , International Cooperation
3.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 50(3): 191-201, set. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-656336

ABSTRACT

Fabry's disease is an X-linked recessive inborn error of metabolism of glycosphingolipids, caused by the deficiency of the lisosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase. It is a rare disease with an estimated incidence rate of approximately 1:80.000 to 1:117,000 births in the general population. Recently, the growing knowledge about this disease has permitted the development of enzyme replacement therapy, which has modified the prognosis and quality of life of these patients. In Chile, the real incidence is unknown, but the increase in the number of patients diagnosed during the last five years, mainly in the north of the country. This guide was prepared with the intention of establishing a consensus for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of the patients with Fabry disease based on the present available scientific evidence.


La enfermedad de Fabry es un error innato del catabolismo de los glucoesfingolipidos, de herencia recesiva ligada al cromosoma X, causado por la deficiencia de la enzima lisosomal alfa-galactosidasa A (alfa-gal A). Es un defecto poco frecuente, con una incidencia estimada de 1:80.000 a 1:117.000, entre la población general. Recientemente, el creciente conocimiento acerca de esta enfermedad, ha permitido el desarrollo de la terapia de reemplazo enzimático, la cual ha modificado el pronóstico y calidad de vida de los pacientes. En Chile, se desconoce la incidencia real, pero el aumento del número de pacientes diagnosticados durante los últimos cinco años, principalmente en la zona norte del país, ha generado un mayor interés por esta enfermedad. Esta guía fue elaborada con la intención de establecer un consenso para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de los pacientes con enfermedad de Fabry, basado en la evidencia científica, actualmente disponible.


Subject(s)
Humans , Fabry Disease/diagnosis , Fabry Disease/therapy , Chile , Consensus , Diagnosis, Differential , Enzyme Replacement Therapy , Fabry Disease/complications , Genetic Counseling , Isoenzymes/administration & dosage , alpha-Galactosidase/administration & dosage
4.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 19(5): 559-566, nov. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-511243

ABSTRACT

Los avances en el conocimiento de la genética, han modificado en forma determinante la práctica de la Neurología clínica, aportando a una explosiva expansión del área de las enfermedades Neurogenéticas. El advenimiento de nuevas técnicas de genética molecular; las investigaciones en el genoma humano y la descripción de nuevas formas de herencia, han contribuido a la comprensión de la fisiopatología de estas condiciones y han abierto nuevas perspectivas para su tratamiento. En este articulo se describen los mecanismos clásicos y "no tradicionales" de herencia de las enfermedades neurogenéticas, se destaca los elementos cínicos que orientan a su diagnóstico y se revisa las enfermedades de diagnóstico más frecuente: su presentación clínica, las correlaciones genotipo/fenotipo, los estudios recomendados para su diagnóstico y consejo genético.


The great advances in genetic research reached during last years, have deeply modified the routine clinical practice in Neurology, with an specific impact in the expanding field of neurogenetíc dísorders. New technologies in molecular genetics, the research in the human genome and the description of new forms of inheritance have contributed to the understanding of the physíopathology of these conditions and ha ve also open new perspectives to their treatment. In this report we describe classic and "non traditional" mechanisms of inheritance of neurogenetic disorders, highlighting the key clinical fea tu res to suspect their diagnosis. The most frequent neurogenetic disorders are reviewed, special/y regarding their clinical presentation, genotype/phenotype correlation, recommended methodology used for the diagnosis and genetíc counseling.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Child , Central Nervous System Diseases/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease
5.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 1(1): 33-36, ene. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-612505

ABSTRACT

Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LH) is an uncommon inflammatory disease of the hypophysis. It's female to male ratio of appearance is 9:1. Pregnant women are more affected during the third trimester of pregnancy or postpartum. Clinical and radiological presentation can simulate a hypophyseal adenoma. We report a nonpregnant 13 years old adolescent, with a trisomy 12p, with panhypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus and a selar tumor. It was necessary to differentiate between a germinoma and a LH. The latter was confirmed with the hypophyseal biopsy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Diabetes Insipidus/etiology , Pituitary Diseases/surgery , Pituitary Diseases/complications , Hypopituitarism/etiology , Trisomy , Diabetes Insipidus/surgery , Pituitary Diseases/diagnosis , Hypopituitarism/surgery , Inflammation , Lymphocytes/pathology
7.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 77(1): 34-42, feb. 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-469642

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El síndrome de X frágil (SXF) es una causa frecuente de retraso mental (RM), se presenta en 1 de 4 000 hombres y en 1 de 8 000 mujeres. A nivel molecular existen principalmente tres tipos de alteraciones: premutación, mutación completa y mosaicos, todas las cuales corresponden a amplificación del trinucleótido CGG localizado en el primer exón del gen FMR1: las premutaciones presentan entre 52 y 200 repetidos; las mutaciones completas, sobre 200 CGG, presentan hipermetilación de la región promotora del gen FMR1 e inhibición de la expresión de la proteína FMRP, causante del RM y dismorfias características de este síndrome. Los mosaicos presentan mutación completa y premutación o metilación parcial del gen FMR1. Los pacientes con SXF son diagnosticados clínicamente según un protocolo de tamizaje que considera 15 características clínicas que entrega un puntaje máximo de 30 puntos en individuos afectados. Objetivo: Definir criterios clínicos específicos para población chilena que ayuden a identificar a los individuos que deban ser sometidos a estudios moleculares confirmatorios de SXF. Pacientes y Método: Se consideraron 99 pacientes varones referidos al INTA por presentar retraso mental y características clínicas sugerentes del SXF; a todos se les realizó evaluación clínica utilizando el protocolo descrito por Buttler y estudio molecular con análisis directo del gen FMR1 por Southern blot. Resultados: 23 de los 99 pacientes estudiados presentaron una mutación en FMR1 y puntaje clínico entre 16 y 27 puntos; los 76 casos restantes con puntajes clínicos entre 10 y 26 puntos, no presentaron mutación en el gen FMR1. Se evaluaron las características clínicas en ambos grupos y se observó que 4 de ellas se asocian significativamente a la mutación, siendo tres de ellas independientes de la edad de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Con estos resultados y a fin de optimizar el estudio molecular directo del gen FMR1, proponemos que el criterio de selección de pacientes sea a través del examen clínico y que todo individuo con puntaje ³ 15 puntos debe ser sometido al estudio molecular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Genetic Testing , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Fragile X Syndrome/diagnosis , Fragile X Syndrome/genetics , Blotting, Southern , Chile , Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion/genetics , Genetic Markers , Methylation , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques , Mutation/genetics , Sex Factors
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(1): 33-41, ene. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-398014

ABSTRACT

Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurogenetic disease characterized by neonatal hypotonia, retarded mental and motor development, hypogonadism, hyperphagia, morbid obesity and dysmorphic facial features. It has an incidence of 1:12.000-15.000 newborns and is caused by abnormalities in genes located in 15q11q13. PWS is one of the most frequent genetic disorders and microdeletion syndromes. It is also the most common cause of obesity from genetic origin and it was the first disease in which imprinting and uniparental disomy were recognized as cause of genetic disorders. Seventy to seventy five percent of PWS cases are due to 15q11q13 deletions, 20-25percent to uniparental disomy and 1percent to mutations in the imprinting center. Aim: To analyze the clinical, genetic and molecular features of patients with PWS, seen at one institution. Patients and methods: Retrospective review of 45 patients (27 males) with PWS seen at the Genetics Outpatient Clinic at INTA. Results: Twenty three (51.1percent) patients had a delection, 13 (28.9percent) patients did not have a deletion. In nine patients, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) study was not performed, therefore the presence of deletion was unknown. The clinical score was 8 points for patients younger than 3 years (n=11) and 11.5 points for patients older than 3 years (n=34); for patients aged 12 months or less, the clinical score was 7 points. Mean clinical score was 11 points for patients with deletion and 10 points for patients without deletion. Conclusions: Most patients with PWS have a deletion; the phenotype depends on age and the clinical score is useful for Chilean patients with PWS .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Male , Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Prader-Willi Syndrome/diagnosis , Prader-Willi Syndrome/genetics , Retrospective Studies , Phenotype
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 131(12): 1399-1404, dic. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-360237

ABSTRACT

Background: Several population studies have shown that patients with neural tube defects (NTD), have a higher frequency of a genetic mutation related with thermolability of the enzyme 5,10-metylentetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). There are regional and ethnic variations in the genotypic or allelic frequency of this mutation and its possible relationship with NTD and others congenital anomalies. Aim: To estimate the frequency of the C677T polymorphism of MTHFR in control women and mothers of spina bifida cases. Patients and Methods: We analyzed 58 blood samples from mothers who had a child diagnosed with spina bifida. A group of 184 healthy mothers matched by age and with no NTD offspring served as controls. We determined the C677T polymorphism on the MTHFR gene by means of PCR and the analysis of the digestion pattern of HinfI restriction enzyme. Results: The genotypic frequencies showed concordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, in controls (p=0.35), and in mothers of the cases (p=0.95). The odds ratio to the TT genotype compared with the CC genotype (reference category) was estimated as 1.54 (IC 95%: 0,66-3,61), while the odds ratio for the TC genotype compared with CC genotype was 1.06 (IC 95%: 0,48-2,33). Conclusion: No differences in the C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR were observed between mothers who had a child diagnosed with spina bifida and control mothers (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 1399-404).


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NAD+)/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Spinal Dysraphism/genetics , Alleles , Case-Control Studies , Chile , Genotype , Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NAD+)/blood , Mothers , Mutation , Spinal Dysraphism/blood
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 129(4): 367-74, abr. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-286998

ABSTRACT

Background: The diagnosis of Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes is difficult, since their phenotypic manifestations are variable and unspecific. The study of the methylation state of DNA in l5(q11-q13) using polymerase chain reaction, called methylation test, allows the diagnosis of most patients with Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes, irrespective if the underlying molecular alteration is a deletion, uniparental disomy or a punctual imprinting mutation. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of methylation test in the diagnosis of Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. Patients and methods : Thirty seven cases with a presumptive diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome and 25 with the presumptive diagnosis of Angelman syndrome were studied. Methylation test was done in genomic DNA obtained from peripheral Iymphocytes. Results: Methylation test confirmed the clinical diagnosis in 11 of 37 patients with PraderWilli (30 percent) and 6 of 25 patients with Angelman syndrome (24 percent). Conclusions: Clinical criteria overestimate the diagnosis of Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. The initial diagnosis should be confirmed with the methylation test and, if necessary, with FISH that will detect most deletions in the region


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Angelman Syndrome/diagnosis , Prader-Willi Syndrome/diagnosis , Cytogenetic Analysis , DNA Methylation
12.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 129(3): 277-84, mar. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-286863

ABSTRACT

Background: Fortification of wheat flour with folic acid in Chile, started in January 2000. This fortification should decrease the incidence of neural tube defects. Aim: To study the incidence of neural tube defects among Chilean newborns, during 1999. Material and methods : The records of all newborns and stillbirths with a birth weight over 500 g from 9 public maternity hospitals in Santiago in 1999, were reviewed. All neural tube defects, associated or not to other malformations were taken into account. Results: During the study period, 59.627 newborns and 455 stillbirths were analyzed. The global incidence of neural tube defects was 1.56 per 1.000 born (57 percent women, 42 percent men and 1percent ambiguous sex). Spina bifida was the most frequent neural tube defect found. Conclusion: These baseline data will be useful to assess the impact of folic acid fortification of wheat flour


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Neural Tube Defects/epidemiology , Social Conditions , Food, Fortified/supply & distribution , Nutritional Status , Neural Tube Defects/prevention & control , Folic Acid/administration & dosage , Maternal Nutrition
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(2): 213-20, feb. 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258121

ABSTRACT

Lately, folic acid deficiency is gaining a predominant role in the pathogenesis of congenital malformations and cardiovascular diseases in adults. The planning of individual and population preventive strategies for these diseases must consider this deficiency. This paper reviews the anatomical, biochemical and molecular bases of neural tube defects and cardiovascular diseases in adults. In these two frequent diseases, folic acid supplementation has shown a clear cut protective effect


Subject(s)
Humans , Folic Acid Deficiency/complications , Congenital Abnormalities/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Neural Tube Defects/etiology , Neural Tube Defects/prevention & control , Folic Acid/administration & dosage , Homocysteine/metabolism
14.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 26(3): 273-7, dic. 1999.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-286844

ABSTRACT

A medida que los países mejoran sus índices de salud, las malformaciones congénitas pasan a ocupar el primer lugar en las causas de mortalidad infantil. El énfasis en el tratamiento de las malformaciones congénitas debe hacerse con buenas estrategias de prevensión primaria. Al respecto, durante los últimos años el uso del ácido fólico ha adquirido un rol preponderante. El uso periconcepcional de ácido fólico ha mostrado un claro efecto protector en relación a algunas malformaciones congénitas frecuentes, especialmente en los defectos de cierre del tubo neural. Considerando la importancia de la prevención primaria en la morbimortalidad a cualquier edad, se ha considerado fundamental planificar estrategias de prevención aplicables en el ámbito individual y poblacional. Se presentan las bases embrionarias, anatómicas, bioquímicas y moleculares de los defectos de cierre del tubo neural y la importancia de iniciar estrategias a nivel poblacional que aseguren una ingesta suficiente de ácido fólico en las poblaciones objetivo


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Adolescent , Folic Acid/pharmacology , Neural Tube Defects/prevention & control , Congenital Abnormalities/prevention & control , Folic Acid Deficiency/drug therapy , Food, Fortified , Neural Tube Defects/etiology , Primary Prevention/methods
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 126(12): 1435-46, dic. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-243740

ABSTRACT

Background: The unequivocal diagnosis of fragile Xq syndrome is based in the direct analysis of the underlying FMR-1 gene mutation, that consists in an increased number of trinucleotide CGG repetitions. Aim: To study families with fragile Xq syndrome, using the Southern technique for the analysis of the mutation. Subjects and methods: Fifteen individuals, pertaining to 6 families with fragile Xq syndrome, were studied. Clinical, cytogenetic and molecular analysis using Southern technique, were done. Results: Five male individuals had a clinically evident syndrome, confirmed by cytogenetic analysis that showed fragility in 10 to 29 percent of studied cells. One subject with a clinical picture suggesting fragile Xq had a normal cytogenetic study. The other studied subjects were the mothers of the five subjects with the syndrome, that must be carriers, and four brothers. Molecular analysis showed that seven subjects (5 males) had a complete mutation, five (4 females) were carriers of a pre mutation and three (2 males) did not have the mutation. Conclusions: The southern technique allows to verify the normal condition of FRAXA locus, identify carriers and to detect complete mutations in fragile Xq syndrome


Subject(s)
Humans , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Fragile X Syndrome/genetics , Pedigree , Autoradiography , Intellectual Disability/etiology , Clinical Diagnosis , Fragile X Syndrome/diagnosis , Genetic Techniques
16.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 126(4): 407-12, abr. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-212063

ABSTRACT

Background: Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE) encompass a pattern of birth defects in persons whose mothers ingested alcohol during pregnancy. People with FAE display fewer of the FAS traits. Aim: To assess the prevalence and features of these affections in a secondary nutritional recovery centre. Patients and methods: All charts of children admitted between 1985 and 1995 were reviewed, and those children diagnosed as having a FAS or FAE by a geneticist were considered for this study. Birth, maternal, social and economic characteristics, psychomotor abilities (using Denver test) and response to nutritional treatment were assessed. Results: During the study period, 1572 infants were admitted to the centre, and 1.97 percent (70 percent female) were diagnosed as having a FAS or FAE. These infants were admitted at 11.1 ñ 4.5 months of age and discharged after 96.7 ñ 58.1 months of hospitalisation. Mean mother's age was 33 ñ 7 years, and all belonged to low socioeconomic levels. Mean birth weight was 2048 ñ 431 g and 2469 ñ 619 g in children with FAS and FAE respectively (p< 0.03). Children with FAE performed better for gross and fine motor abilities than those with FAS. No differences were observed for language performance. Sixty five percent of children with FAS and 71 percent of children with FAE had an adequate weight and height increment during nutritional therapy. A multiple regression analysis showed that age at admission and gestational age were significant predictors of weight gain during therapy. Conclusions: Alcohol has teratogenic effects on the foetus that affect craneal size and psychomotor development. Alcohol also affects pre and post natal growth


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/diagnosis , Congenital Abnormalities/etiology , Birth Weight/drug effects , Fetal Development/drug effects , Ethanol/adverse effects , Alcoholism/complications , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/diet therapy
17.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 68(5): 210-5, sept.-oct. 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-210479

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: ilustrar como las modalidades no tradicionales de herencia humano, que incluyen el mosaicismo gonadal, la herencia mitocondrial, la impronta (imprinting) genómica, la disomía uniparental y mutaciones inestables o repetición de trinucleótidos, permiten explicar los trastornos que sufre un número importante de pacientes con afecciones neurológicas de origen genético. Método: se revisaron retrospectivamente los registros clínicos de todos las pacientes que consultaron en una unidad de referencia entre julio de 1992 y julio de 1995. Resultados: entre 753 consultas registradas, 339 (45 por ciento) eran primeras consultas. En 33 de estas (10 por ciento) la hipótesis era un problema de herencia no tradicional: síndromes de X-frágil (amplificación de tripletes o mutaciones inestables), Prader-Willi y Angelman (impronta genómica y disomia uniparental) y atrofia óptica de Leber (herencia mitocondrial). Se incluye también el análisis de un paciente con síndrome de Apert cuyo casa permite proponer al mosaicismo gonadal como otro mecánismo de estos tipos de herencia. Conclusiones: el modelo mendeliano de herencia ofrece el marco de referencia para la mayoría de las afecciones genéricas en el hombre. Sin embargo hay familias cuyos antecedentes no calzan en ese esquema pero si en los de herencia no tradicional


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Karyotyping/methods , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/classification , Acrocephalosyndactylia/diagnosis , Mosaicism/diagnosis , Optic Atrophies, Hereditary/diagnosis , Pedigree , Retrospective Studies , Angelman Syndrome/diagnosis , Fragile X Syndrome/diagnosis , Prader-Willi Syndrome/diagnosis
18.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 67(4): 172-5, jul.-ago. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-185201

ABSTRACT

Se describe una niña de 12 meses de edad, con megalocórnea, retraso severo del desarrollo psicomotor, desnutrición calórico proteica de tercer grado, síndrome hipotónico, retraso de crecimiento, macrocefalia relativa y convulsiones, síntomas y signos que corresponden a los del síndrome de Neuhäusser tipo 3 de Verloes. Este síndrome tiene como características más importantes megalocórnea, retraso mental, trastornos neurológicos y retraso del crecimiento, las que con frecuencia se asocian con otras anomalías menores, y en lo que respecta a la herencia, ésta es preferentemente autosómica recesiva, pero puede haber casos esporádicos


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Clinical Diagnosis , Corneal Diseases/complications , Intellectual Disability/complications , Chromosome Aberrations , Skull/abnormalities , Protein-Energy Malnutrition , Corneal Diseases/diagnosis , Facial Bones/abnormalities , Failure to Thrive , Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Microcephaly , Neurologic Manifestations , Psychomotor Disorders , Signs and Symptoms , X Chromosome
19.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 65(6): 303-10, nov.-dic. 1994. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-148362

ABSTRACT

El deficit de talla es de alta prevalencia emn los países en vías de desarrollo, cuyas causas y consecuencia no están aún claramente establecidas. En Chile, 30 por ciento de los escolares tiene talla baja. Este estudio pretende contribuir a conocer los factores de riesgo para talla baja en escolares de nivel socioeconómico bajo y su asociación con el desarrollo cognitivo y el rendimiento escolar. Se estudiaron 163 escolares de 7 a 10 años, ambos sexos, cuyo peso de nacimiento era 2.800 g o mayor, sin afecciones genéticas y neurológicas, de escuelas de la comuna de Peñalolén, de los cuales 103 niños tenían talla baja (T/E 95 por ciento o menor;P/T mayor que 95 por ciento y menor que 120 por ciento) y los otros 60 de talla normal (T/E igual o mayor que 97 por ciento;P/T mayor que 95 por ciento y menor a 120 por ciento) (percentil 50, NCHS). de acuerdo a los antecedentes de desnutrición o infección registrados en las fichas de los consultorios periféricos, durante los primeros 6 años de vida se formaron 4 grupos de niños: talla baja sin antecedentes (n=53); talla baja con antecedentes (n=50); talla normal sin antecedentes (n=34); talla normal con antecedentes (n=26); Los niños de talla baja provenían de familias mas pobres, habían sufrido episodios infecciosos con mayor frecuencia, su talla de nacimiento era inferior, sus padres tenían menor estatura y sus rendimientos cognitivos y psicopedagógicos eran mas bajos. El análisis multivariado, mediante el método de regresión logística, de 11 variables dicotomizadas de acuerdo a criterios conceptuales, mostró que los antecedentes de infecciones repetidas en los primeros años de vida, la falta de agua en el hogar y la talla baja del padre actúan como factores de riesgo para talla baja. Al interior del gripo talla baja, el riesgo de presentar antecedentes de desnutrición o infecciones a repetición se asocia con un clima emocional más deteriorado en el hogar


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Growth Disorders/diagnosis , Achievement , Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Failure to Thrive/diagnosis , Language Development , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Child Nutrition Disorders/complications , Underachievement , Weight by Age , Weight by Height
20.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 64(2): 119-22, mar.-abr. 1993. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-119294

ABSTRACT

El control de las tasas de desnutrición primaria en Chile ha permitido la detección de un número creciente de lactantes con desnutrición secundaria, como lo confirma esta investigación realizada entre los 1.542 lactantes ingresados a un centro de recuperación y estudio de desnutridos secundarios, en el período comprendido entre enero de 1985 y diciembre de 1990. Cada uno de los pacientes fue asignado, de acuerdo con el diagnóstico de ingreso, a una de las categorías de la clasificación de Hall, según la cual las afecciones genéticas y las malformaciones congénitas eran responsables de 40,1% de los ingresos (afecciones ciertamente genéticas 12,9%, enfermedades poligénicas-multifactoriales 15,8%, anomalías del desarrollo 9,1%, causadas por teratógenos 2,3%). El hallazgo de un número considerable de anomalías cromosómicas (n:54), en mayor proporción que en la población general, sugiere la conveniencia de realizar estudios citogenéticos en los pacientes con desnutrición secundaria y dismorfias o retardo psicomotor


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Aberrations/physiopathology , Congenital Abnormalities/physiopathology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/genetics , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/physiopathology , Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology , Genetic Counseling , Developmental Disabilities/complications
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